在学习与工作中，经常需要我们用英文做一些主题展示，或表达思想，或介绍经验，或推广品牌... ... Presentation既像演讲，又不同于演讲，同在于都需要良好的语言组织能力和表达沟通技巧，异在于，相比于演讲的某些渲染效果，Presentation对于信息传达的精准性和简洁性要求更高，目的性更强，往往还会借助PPT这一媒介。因此，不论是在课堂还是工作中，能做好一个英文Presentation的能力都极为重要。
今天，英语(精品课)君继续大家介绍一些做Presentation的注意事项，
Language 语言篇
先说一点和语言不太相关的，毕竟声音对于语言的传达效果也有很大的影响。在做presentation时，最基本的要求是要让观众听清，特别是在背过身去时。除此之外，还要注意声音的变化，以吸引观众的注意。声音主要可以通过以下三个方面变化：
Speed 语速
在讲话的过程中，适当的调整语速，或者做适当的停顿可以很好的吸引观众。
Intonation 音调
高昂和低沉的音调可以产生不同的强调效果
Volume 音量
回想上课时，老师突然提高的音量是不是立刻给你提神？
接下来，咱们进入正题，谈一谈英文Presentation的语言
1. Simplicity and Clarity 简洁明了
Use short words and short sentences.
虽然在写作中老师常常鼓励我们用长难句，但是在注重效率的presentation中，应该多用清楚明白的短句和易懂的单词。
Do not use jargon, unless you are certain that your audience understands it.
除非你确定面向的观众是内行人，否则慎用行业术语。
In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.
总体上，多用使用具体的例子，少说抽象空洞的观点。
Use active verbs instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand.
这一点大家要注意：多用主动语态，这更有利于观众理解。
大家比较一下下面两个句子：
Toyota sold nine million vehicles last year.
Nine million vehicles were sold by Toyota last year.
第一句主动语态更好理解。当然，如果上述例子里发言者想要强调的是数量之大，第二个句子更合适，我们这里介绍的一般情况。
不过英语君提醒一下大家，在正规语体的写作中，比如邀请函，会议通知，被动语态会显得更加正式。
2. Signposting 指示语
Signpost本意是路标，这里的意思是发言者要使用特定的指示性词语来提示观众讲到了哪里，接下来讲什么。这在presentation的语言中是非常重要的一环，可以帮助观众理清框架。那么，有哪些指示语呢？
首先，在开头，要告诉观众演讲内容的框架，可以使用这样的句式：
I'll start by ...(A)...Then I’ll move on to ...(B)...After that I’ll consider ...(C)...Lastly I’ll quicklyrecapbefore concluding with ...(D)...
这样，观众就会理出如下框架：
Beginning:
1.Welcome
2.Introduction of Structure(now)
Body
1.A
2.B
3.C
Conclusion
1.Summing up
2.D
接下来，在演讲过程中，如果你想从上述的一点切换到另一点，可以用以下句式：
That's all I have to say about ...(A)... Let's turn now to ...(B)...
如果讲完了全部主干内容，准备总结以上内容，可以说：
Well, we've looked at the A, B and C, I'd like to sum up now.
总结完后，想要给出结论，可以说：
What does all this mean for us? Well, I’d like to say/recommend/suggest that...
接下来，英语君为大家贴出在各种情况下常用的signpost,学起来:
Introducing the subject 介绍话题
I'd like to start by...
Let's begin by...
First of all, I'll...
Starting with...
I'll begin by...
Finishing one subject 结束话题
Well, I've told you about...
That's all I have to say about...
We've looked at...
So much for...
starting another 开启另一话题
Now we'll move on to...
Let me turn now to...
Next...
Turning to...
I'd like now to discuss...
Let's look now at...
Analyzing a point and giving recommendations 分析观点，给出建议
Where does that lead us?
Let's consider this in more detail...
What does this mean for ABC?
Translated into real terms...
Giving an example 举例子
For example,...
A good example of this is...
As an illustration,...
To give you an example,...
To illustrate this point...
Dealing with questions 应对观众提问
We'll be examining this point in more detail later on...
I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...
I'll come back to this question later in my talk...
Perhaps you'd like to raise this point at the end...
I won't comment on this now...
Summarizing and concluding 概括与总结
In conclusion,...
Right, let's sum up, shall we?
I'd like now to recap...
Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...
Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...
If I can just sum up the main points...
Ordering 列观点
Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
First of all...then...next...after that...finally...
To start with...later...to finish up...
